BOLBOSHOENUS

Bolboschoenus fluviatilis (Torrey) Soják. - River Bulrush. 2n = 94.

Freshwater shores, inland marshes.  [Scirpus fluviatilis (Torrey) A. Gray]

Bolboschoenus maritimus (Linnaeus) Palla subsp. maritimus - Saltmarsh Bulrush. 2n = 108, 110.

Coastal shores, brackish to saline marshes, and tidal river shores.  [Scirpus maritimus Linnaeus var. fernaldii (E. P. Bicknell) Beetle]

Bolboschoenus maritimus (Linnaeus) Palla subsp. paludosus (A. Nelson) T. Koyama. - Bayonet Grass. 2n = 108, 110.

Coastal shores and brackish to saline marshes.  [Scirpus paludosus A. Nelson var. atlanticus Fernald; Scirpus maritimus Linnaeus var. paludosus (A. Nelson) Kükenthal]

Bolboschoenus novae-angliae (Britton) S. G. Smith - . 2n = ?

Slightly brackish coastal shores and marshes.  [Scirpus cylindricus misapplied]

Bolboschoenus robustus (Pursh) Soják - Seacoast Bulrush. 2n = ?

Coastal shores and brackish to saline marshes.  [Scirpus robustus Pursh]

BOLBOSCHOENUS hybrids

Bolboschoenus maritimus (Linnaeus) Palla subsp. maritimus X Bolboschoenus robustus (Pursh) Sojãk

BULBOSTYLIS

Bulbostylis capillaris (Linnaeus) C. B. Clarke - . 2n = 84.

Dry, open soil, sandy or gravelly waste areas. [B. capillaris var. crebra Fernald]

CLADIUM

Cladium mariscoides (Muhlenberg) Torrey - . 2n = ?

Pond shores.

CYPERUS

Cyperus acuminatus Torrey & Hooker - . 2n = ?

Shores, often sandy.

Cyperus bipartitus Torrey - . 2n = ?

Shores and other wet, disturbed areas.  [C. rivularis Kunth]

Cyperus dentatus Torrey Bublet Sedge - . 2n = ?

Sandy shorelines.

Cyperus diandrus Torrey - . 2n = ?

Shores.

Cyperus echinatus (Linnaeus) Alph. Wood Teasel Sedge - . 2n = ?

Open, moist, disturbed sites in well-drained soil.  [C. ovularis (Michaux) Torrey]

Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhlenberg - . 2n = ?

Shores.

Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus var. leptostachyus Boeckeler Yellow Nut-grass - . 2n = ?

Damp, sandy disturbed soil, shores, often in cultivated ground.

Cyperus filicinus Vahl Beach Sedge - . 2n = ?

Borders of tidal marshes, dune hollows, occasionally fresh water pond shores, roadsides and ditches.

Cyperus flavescens Linnaeus - . 2n = ?

Damp soils, often disturbed.

CYPERUS FUSCUS Linnaeus Brown Galingale - . 2n = ?

Damp, sandy disturbed soils.  From Eurasia.

Cyperus grayi Torrey - . 2n = 166.

Dry sands of coastal plain.

Cyperus houghtonii Torrey - . 2n = 168, 170, 172.

Sandy soil, usually dry.

CYPERUS IRIA Linnaeus - . 2n = ?

Roadsides, clearings and other disturbed soils.  From Eurasia.

Cyperus lupulinus (Sprengel) Marcks subsp. lupulinus - . 2n = 166.

Sandy or gravelly soil, usually dry.  [C. filiculmis Vahl var. filiculmis]

Cyperus lupulinus (Sprengel) Marcks subsp. macilentus (Fernald) Marcks - . 2n = 166.

Open, usually sandy soil.  [C. filiculmis Vahl var. macilentus Fernald]

CYPERUS MICROIRIA Steudel - . 2n = ?

Fallow fields, waste places, disturbed soils.  From Asia.  [C. amuricus Maximowicz misapplied]

Cyperus odoratus Linnaeus - . 2n = ?

Tidal marshes, coastal meadows.  [C. engelmannii Steudel; C. ferruginescens Boeckeler]

Cyperus polystachyos Rottbøll - . 2n = ?

Sandy pond shores.  [C. polystachyos var. texensis (Torrey) Fernald]

Cyperus pseudovegetus Steudel - . 2n = ?

Damp places.

CYPERUS SCHWEINITZII Torrey - . 2n = 166.

Sandy soil of shores, dunes, and open woods.  From farther west.

Cyperus squarrosus Linnaeus Bristly Sedge - . 2n = ?

Damp sands, silts, alluvium, and disturbed soils.  [C. aristatus Rottbøll; C. inflexus Muhlenberg]

Cyperus strigosus Linnaeus - . 2n = ?

Shores, meadows, damp thickets and disturbed soils.  [C. strigosus var. robustior Britton]

CYPERUS hybrids

Cyperus X mesochorus Geise - .

[Cyperus lupulinus (Sprengel) Marcks X CYPERUS SCHWEINITZII Torrey]

Cyperus X weatherbianus Fernald - .

[Cyperus dentatus Torrey X Rhynchospora capitellata (Michaux) Vahl]

DULICHIUM

Dulichium arundinaceum (Linnaeus) Britton var. arundinaceum Three-way Sedge - . 2n = ?

Swamps, shores, bogs, marshes.

ELEOCHARIS

Eleocharis acicularis (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes - . 2n = ?

Shores, damp low ground, usually in mud.  [E. acicularis var. submersa (Nilsson) Svenson]

Eleocharis aestuum Hines ex A. Haines - . 2n = ?

Fresh, tidal river shores.

Eleocharis ambigens Fernald - . 2n = 44, 45, 46.

Coastal pond shores, marshes.

Eleocharis diandra C. Wright - . 2n = ?

River and lake silts, sometimes tidal.

Eleocharis elliptica Kunth - . 2n = 38.

Shores, meadows, and other wet places.  [E. tenuis (Willdenow) Schultes var. borealis (Svenson) Gleason]

Eleocharis engelmannii Steudel - . 2n = 10.

Pond shores, often in clay.

Eleocharis equisetoides (Elliott) Torrey Knotted Spikerush - . 2n = ?

Shores.

Eleocharis erythropoda Steudel - . 2n = 16, 18, 19, 20.

Shores in shallow water.  [E. calva Torrey misapplied]

Eleocharis fallax Weatherby - . 2n = 42.

Coastal, fresh to brackish pond and lake shores and marshes.

Eleocharis flavescens (Poiret) Urban var. olivacea (Torrey) Gleason Green Spikerush - . 2n = 20.

Bogs, marshes, shores.  [E. olivacea Torrey]

Eleocharis intermedia Schultes - . 2n = 22.

Shores and bogs in calcareous soil.

Eleocharis melanocarpa Torrey - . 2n = ?

Acid, sandy shores.

Eleocharis microcarpa Torrey var. filiculmis Torrey - . 2n = 10.

Pond shores.

Eleocharis nitida Fernald - . 2n = ?

Sphagnous places.

Eleocharis obtusa (Willdenow) Schultes - . 2n = 10.

Wet, open places.  [E. obtusa var. ellipsoidalis Fernald; E. obtusa var. jejuna Fernald; E. obtusa var. peasei Svenson]

Eleocharis ovata (Roth) Roemer & Schultes - . 2n = 10.

Shores, bogs.  [E. ovata var. heuseri Uetrichtz]

Eleocharis palustris (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes - . 2n = 16, 17, 36.

Shores, often in shallow water.  [E. palustris var. major Sonder; E. smallii Britton; E. smallii Britton var. major (Sonder) Seymour]

Eleocharis parvula (Roemer & Schultes) Link ex Bluff - . 2n = ?

Brackish or saline shores and marshes.

Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michaux) Roemer & Schultes - . 2n = ?

Lake and pond shores.  [E. quadrangulata var. crassior Fernald]

Eleocharis quinqueflora (Hartmann) O. Schwarz - . 2n = ?

Calcareous shores and swamps.  [E. pauciflora (Lightfoot) Link var. fernaldii Svenson]

Eleocharis robbinsii Oakes - . 2n = ?

Shallow water of lakes and ponds, usually in muddy soil.

Eleocharis rostellata (Torrey) Torrey - . 2n = ?

Salt marshes.

Eleocharis tenuis (Willdenow) Schultes var. tenuis - . 2n = 24.

Freshwater shores, swamps, bogs.

Eleocharis tenuis (Willdenow) Schultes var. pseudoptera (Weatherby) Svenson - . 2n = 38, 39.

Rich woods and meadows.

Eleocharis tenuis (Willdenow) Schultes var. verrucosa (Svenson) Svenson - . 2n = 20.

Freshwater shores, often calcareous, wet woods.

Eleocharis tricostata Torrey - . 2n = ?

Pond shores and sphagnous depressions of the coastal plain.

Eleocharis tuberculosa (Michaux) Roemer & Schultes - . 2n = ?

Pond and lake shores, bogs, swamps.

Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schultes Salt Marsh Spikerush - . 2n = ?

Salt or brackish marshes.  [E. halophila (Fernald & Brackett) Fernald]

ERIOPHORUM

Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny subsp. angustifolium - . 2n = 58.

Sphagnum bogs, marshes.  [E. angustifolium var. majus Schultz; E. angustifolium subsp. subarcticum (Vassiljev) Hultén ex Kartesz & Gandhi; E. polystachion misapplied]

Eriophorum gracile W. D. J. Koch ex Roth - . 2n = ?

Meadows, bogs, swamps, usually in sphagnous soils.

Eriophorum tenellum Nuttall - . 2n = ?

Sphagnum bogs.

Eriophorum vaginatum Linnaeus Tussock Cotton-grass - . 2n = 58, 60.

Sphagnum bogs.  [E. vaginatum subsp. spissum (Fernald) Hultén; E. spissum Fernald]

Eriophorum virginicum Linnaeus Tawny Cotton-grass - . 2n = ?

Sphagnum bogs and sphagnous meadows.

Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelmann) Fernald - . 2n = ?

Bogs and meadows, often in calcareous soil.

FIMBRISTYLIS

Fimbristylis autumnalis (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes - . 2n = 10.

Sandy or sphagnous shores and low ground.  [F. autumnalis var. mucronulata (Michaux) Fernald]

FUIRENA

Fuirena pumila (Torrey) Sprengel - . 2n = 46.

Sandy or sphagnous pond shores.

Fuirena squarrosa Michaux - . 2n = 46.

Sandy, acidic shores.

KYLLINGIA

Kyllingia gracillima Miquel Pasture Spike-sedge - . 2n = ?

Muddy banks of streams and estuaries.  [Cyperus brevifolioides Thieret & Delahoussaye]

LIPOCARPHA

Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) G. C. Tucker - . 2n = ?

Sandy pond shores, rarely river shores.  [Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Pax]

RHYNCHOSPORA

Rhynchospora alba (Linnaeus) Vahl - . 2n = ?

Sphagnum bogs.

Rhynchospora capillacea Torrey - . 2n = ?

Sphagnum bogs, sandy shores, moist, calcareous ledges.

Rhynchospora capitellata (Michaux) Vahl - . 2n = ?

Meadows, shores, low, wet ground.

Rhynchospora fusca (Linnaeus) W. T. Aiton - . 2n = ?

Bogs, sandy or sphagnous shores.

Rhynchospora inundata (Oakes) Fernald Horned Rush - . 2n = ?

Pond shores, interdunal pools.

Rhynchospora macrostachya Torrey ex A. Gray Horned Rush - . 2n = 18.

Acidic, sandy or sphagnous pond shores.

Rhynchospora nitens (Vahl) A. Gray - . 2n = ?

Acidic, sandy or sphagnous pond shores.  [Psilocarya nitens (Vahl) Alph. Wood]

Rhynchospora scirpoides (Torrey) Grisebach - . 2n = ?

Acidic, sandy or sphagnous pond shores.  [Psilocarya scirpoides Torrey]

Rhynchospora torreyana A. Gray - . 2n = ?

Acidic, sandy or sphagnous pond shores of the coastal plain.

RHYNCHOSPORA hybrids

Rhynchospora alba (Linnaeus) Vahl X Rhynchospora capitellata (Michaux) Vahl

SCHOENOPLECTUS

Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhlenberg ex Bigelow) Á. Löve & D. Löve var. acutus Hard-stem Bulrush - . 2n = 36, 38.

Shores and marshes.  [Scirpus acutus Muhlenberg ex Bigelow]

Schoenoplectus americanus (Persoon) Volkart ex Schinz & R. Keller Sword-grass - . 2n = 78.

Shores and marshes.  [Scirpus americanus Persoon; Scirpus olneyi A. Gray]

Schoenoplectus etuberculatus (Steudel) Soják - . 2n = ?

Shores and marshes.  [Scirpus etuberculatus (Steudel) Kuntze]  [The location of the voucher specimen for Rhode Island used by Flora North America Editorial Committee (2002) is unknown. The Rhode Island specimen cited in the literature (Enser, R. W. and C. A. Caljouw 1989) as being at NEBC was not found.]

Schoenoplectus hallii (A. Gray) S. G. Smith - . 2n = 22.

Sandy or sphagnous pond shores.  [Scirpus hallii A. Gray; S. supinus Linnaeus var. hallii (A. Gray) A. Gray]

Schoenoplectus heterochaetus (Chase) Soják Slender Bulrush - . 2n = 38.

Calcareous or basic shores and marshes.  [Scirpus heterochaetus Chase]

Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla Chair-maker's Bulrush - . 2n = 74, 78.

Shores and marshes.  [Scirpus pungens Vahl]

Schoenoplectus purshianus (Fernald) M. T. Strong var. purshianus - . 2n = 38.

Freshwater shores, usually in sandy soil.  [Scirpus purshianus Fernald]

Schoenoplectus purshianus (Fernald) M. T. Strong var. williamsii (Fernald) S. G. Smith - . 2n = 38.

Shores.  [Scirpus purshianus Fernald forma williamsii Fernald; Scirpus smithii A. Gray var. williamsii (Fernald) Beetle]

Schoenoplectus smithii (A. Gray) Soják var. smithii - . 2n = ?

Sandy or muddy shores.  [Scirpus smithii A. Gray]

Schoenoplectus smithii (A. Gray) Soják var. levisetus (Fassett) S. G. Smith - . 2n = ?

Coastal, freshwater tidal flats.  [Scirpus smithii A. Gray forma levisetus (Fassett) Fernald]  [This taxon is not mapped since it is inadequately separated from the typical variety in collections.]

Schoenoplectus smithii (A. Gray) Soják var. setosus (Fassett) S. G. Smith - . 2n = ?

Freshwater, sandy or muddy shores.  [Scirpus smithii A. Gray forma setosus Fernald]  [This taxon is not mapped since it is inadequately separated from the typical variety in collections.]

Schoenoplectus subterminalis (Torrey) Soják Water Bulrush - . 2n = 72.

Shores and Sphagnum bogs.  [Scirpus subterminalis Torrey]

Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C. C. Gmelin) Palla Great Bulrush - . 2n = 42.

In shallow water of shores and marshes.  [Scirpus validus Vahl; Scirpus validus Vahl var. creber Fernald]

Schoenoplectus torreyi (Olney) Palla - . 2n = 70.

Shores and marshes.  [Scirpus torreyi Olney]

SCHOENOPLECTUS hybrids

Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhlenberg ex Bigelow) Á. Löve & D. Löve X Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C. C. Gmelin) Palla

Schoenoplectus X contortus (Eames) S. G. Smith - .

[S. americanus (Persoon) Volkart ex Schinz & R. Keller X S. pungens (Vahl) Palla]

Schoenoplectus X oblongus (T. Koyama) Soják - .

[S. acutus (Muhlenberg ex Bigelow) Á. Löve & D. Löve X S. heterochaetus (Chase) Soják]

Schoenoplectus X steinmetzii (Fernald) S. G. Smith - .

[S. heterochaetus (Chase) Soják X S. tabernaemontani (C. C. Gmelin) Palla]

SCIRPUS

Scirpus ancistrochaetus Schuyler - . 2n = 54.

Wet depressions, bogs.

Scirpus atrocinctus Fernald - . 2n = 68.

Meadows and swamps.

Scirpus atrovirens Willdenow - . 2n = 50-60.

Marshes, meadows, bogs.

Scirpus cyperinus (Linnaeus) Kunth Common Wool-grass - . 2n = 66.

Meadows, swamps and ditches.  [S. cyperinus var. pelius Fernald; S. rubricosus Fernald]

Scirpus expansus Fernald Woodland Bulrush - . 2n = 64.

Marshes, meadows and springy spots.

Scirpus georgianus R. M. Harper - . 2n = 50, 52, 54.

Marshes, meadows and ditches.  [S. atrovirens Willdenow var. georgianus (R. M. Harper) Fernald]

Scirpus hattorianus Makino - . 2n = 56.

Marshes, meadows and ditches.  [S. atrovirens misapplied; S. georgianus misapplied]

Scirpus longii Fernald - . 2n = 66, 68.

Freshwater marshes, meadows.

Scirpus microcarpus J. Presl & C. Presl - . 2n = 64, 66.

Damp, open soil, marshes, meadows, often along rivers.  [S. rubrotinctus Fernald]

SCIRPUS PALLIDUS (Britton) Fernald - . 2n = 56.

Marshes, ditches and other low ground.

Scirpus peckii Britton - . 2n = ?

Marshes, meadows.  [This name is said to have been applied to various hybrids of S. hattorianus Makino and S. atrocinctus Fernald or S. pedicellatus Fernald.]

Scirpus pedicellatus Fernald - . 2n = 68.

Alluvial thickets, shores.  [S. pedicellatus var. pullus Fernald]

Scirpus pendulus Muhlenberg - . 2n = 40.

Meadows, marshes, ditches, often in calcareous soil.  [S. lineatus misapplied]

Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl - . 2n = 58.

Swamps and woods along streams.

SCIRPUS hybrids

Scirpus ancistrochaetus Schuyler X Scirpus hattorianus Makino

Scirpus atrocinctus Fernald X Scirpus hattorianus Makino

Scirpus atrovirens Willdenow X Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl

Scirpus expansus Fernald X Scirpus microcarpus J. Presl & C. Presl

SCLERIA

Scleria pauciflora Muhlenberg ex Willdenow var. pauciflora - . 2n = ?

Meadows and moist woods.

Scleria pauciflora Muhlenberg ex Willdenow var. caroliniana Alph. Wood - . 2n = ?

Moist grasslands.

Scleria reticularis Michaux - . 2n = ?

Sandy pond shores.

Scleria triglomerata Michaux - . 2n = ?

Meadows and dry, open woods. [S. nitida Willdenow]

Scleria verticillata Muhlenberg ex Willdenow - . 2n = ?

Calcareous bogs and shores.

TRICHOPHORUM

Trichophorum alpinum (Linnaeus) Persoon - . 2n = 58.

Bogs, meadows and wet rocks, often in calcareous soil. [Eriophorum alpinum Linnaeus; Scirpus hudsonianus (Michaux) Fernald]

Trichophorum cespitosum (Linnaeus) Schur Deer's Hair - . 2n = 104.

Bogs, shores, and cliffs, often on mountains. [Scirpus cespitosus Linnaeus; Scirpus cespitosus Linnaeus var. callosus Bigelow; Scirpus cespitosus Linnaeus var. delicatulus Fernald]

Trichophorum clintonii (A. Gray) S. G. Smith - . 2n = ?

Dry ledges and river shores. [Scirpus clintonii A. Gray]

Trichophorum planifolium (Sprengel) Palla - . 2n = ?

Dry, rocky deciduous woods. [Scirpus verecundus Fernald]