DIOSCOREA

DIOSCOREA OPPOSITIFOLIA Linnaeus - Cinnamon-vine. 2n = ca 140-144.

Thickets, waste places. From China. [D. BATATAS Decaisne]

Dioscorea villosa Linnaeus - Wild Yam. 2n = 60.

Damp thickets, wet woods, roadsides.

ERIOCAULON

Eriocaulon aquaticum (Hill) Druce - White-buttons. 2n = 32, 64.

Acid shores, shallow water and bogs. [E. septangulare Withering]

Eriocaulon parkeri B. L. Robinson - . 2n = 48.

Tidal mud and estuaries.

LACHNANTHES

Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lamarck) Dandy - Redroot. 2n = 24, 48.

Sandy or sphagnous pond shores. [L. tinctoria (J. F. Gmelin) Elliott]

EGERIA

EGERIA DENSA Planchon - . 2n = 46, 48.

Ponds. From Brazil and Argentina. [ELODEA DENSA (Planchon) Caspary; ANACHARIS DENSA (Planchon) Marie-Victorin]

ELODEA

Elodea canadensis Michaux - . 2n = 24, 48.

Ponds, lakes and quiet streams, mostly basic. [Anacharis canadensis (Michaux) Richardson]

Elodea nuttallii (Planchon) St. John - . 2n = 48.

Ponds, lakes and streams, acidic to moderately basic. [Anacharis nuttallii Planchon]

HYDRILLA

HYDRILLA VERTICILLATA (Linnaeus f.) Royle - . 2n = 16, 24, 32.

Ponds, lakes and streams. From the Old World.

HYDROCHARIS

HYDROCHARIS MORSUS-RANAE Linnaeus - . 2n = 28.

Near pond shore in .5m deep water. From Eurasia.

LIMNOBIUM

LIMNOBIUM SPONGIA (Bosc) Steudel - American Frog's-bit. 2n = ?.

Ponds, stagnant water. From further south.

VALLISNERIA

Vallisneria americana Michaux - Water-celery. 2n = 20.

Ponds and quiet streams.

BELAMCANDA

BELAMCANDA CHINENSIS (Linnaeus) de Candolle - . 2n = 16, 27, 28, 30, 32, 128.

Fields, roadsides, thickets, open woods. From eastern Asia.

CROCUS

CROCUS VERNUS (Linnaeus) J. Hill subsp. VERNUS - Dutch Crocus. 2n = 8, 10, 12, 16, 16 + 2B, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 32.

Grasslands. From Europe.

IRIS

IRIS CRISTATA Aiton - Dwarf Crested Iris. 2n = 24, 32.

Rich woods, in acid soils. From farther south and west.

IRIS GERMANICA Linnaeus - Fleur-de-lis. 2n = 28, 36-48.

Roadsides, waste places. From Europe.

IRIS KAEMPFERI Siebold ex Lemaire - Japanese Iris. 2n = 24.

Habitat? From Japan.

Iris prismatica Pursh - Slender Blue Flag. 2n = 42.

Marshes, meadows, swamps, sands, shores, seacoasts.

IRIS PSEUDACORUS Linnaeus - Yellow Iris. 2n = 24-34.

Swamps, wet meadows, marshes, brooksides, waste places. From Europe.

IRIS PUMILA Linnaeus subsp. PUMILA - . 2n = 20, 24, 30, 31, 32.

Dry, rocky knolls. From Eurasia.

Iris setosa Pallas - Beachhead Iris. 2n = 34-38.

Rocky slopes, upper borders of beaches, moist fields, always near salt water. [Iris hookeri Penny ex G. Don]

IRIS SIBIRICA Linnaeus - Siberian Iris. 2n = 28.

Wet meadows, waste lots. From Eurasia.

IRIS TECTORUM Maximowicz - Wall Iris. 2n = 28, 36.

Habitat? From China.

Iris versicolor Linnaeus - Blue Flag. 2n = 108.

Swamps, marshes, meadows, shores, ditches.

IRIS hybrids

Iris prismatica Pursh X Iris versicolor Linnaeus - .

SISYRINCHIUM

Sisyrinchium albidum Rafinesque - . 2n = 32, 64.

Dry, sandy, open soil and thin woodlands.

Sisyrinchium angustifolium Miller - Stout Blue-eyed Grass. 2n = 48.

Meadows, fields, low woods, thickets, damp shores. [S. bermudiana misapplied; S. graminoides Bicknell]

Sisyrinchium atlanticum Bicknell - Eastern Blue-eyed Grass. 2n = 16, 32, 96.

Meadows, marshes, low woods.

Sisyrinchium fuscatum Bicknell - . 2n = 32.

Grasslands, mostly sandy soils. [S. arenicola Bicknell]

Sisyrinchium montanum Greene var. crebrum Fernald - Common Blue-eyed Grass. 2n = 32, 96.

Fields, meadows, open woods.

Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michaux - Slender Blue-eyed Grass. 2n = 30, 32.

Meadows, fields, sandy places, open woods.

JUNCUS

Juncus acuminatus Michaux - . 2n = 40.

Tidal mud flats, salt marsh borders, ditches, shores, meadows.

Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix - Alpine Rush. 2n = 40.

Shores, meadows, usually basic. [J. alpinus Villars; J. alpinus Villars var. fuscescens Fernald; J. alpinus Villars var. rariflorus Hartmann]

Juncus anthelatus (Wiegand) R. E. Brooks - . 2n = 80.

Moist sandy or clay soils. [J. tenuis Willdenow var. anthelatus Wiegand]

Juncus arcticus Willdenow var. balticus (Willdenow) Trautvetter - Wire Rush. 2n = 40, 80.

Sandy shores, sphagnous meadows. [J. balticus Willdenow var. littoralis Engelmann]

Juncus articulatus Linnaeus - . 2n = 40, 80.

Shores, springy spots, ditches. [J. articulatus var. obtusatus Engelmann]

Juncus brachycarpus Engelmann - . 2n = 44.

Salt marshes, ocean beaches.

Juncus brachycephalus (Engelmann) Buchenau - . 2n = 80.

Basic shores, marshes, meadows, swamps.

Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelmann) Fernald - . 2n = 80.

Shores, bogs, marshes.

Juncus bufonius Linnaeus - Toad Rush. 2n = 27-37, 40, ca 54, 58-81, 106, 108-115, 120.

Shores, salt marshes, roadsides, moist to wet borrow pits. [J. bufonius var. halophilus Buchenau & Fernald]

Juncus canadensis J. Gay - . 2n = 80.

Shores, swamps, marshes, meadows. [J. canadensis var. sparsiflorus Fernald]

JUNCUS COMPRESSUS Jacques - . 2n = 40, 44.

Disturbed wet ground, especially ditches, roadsides, frequently saline or basic soils. From Europe. [J. bulbosus Linnaeus]

Juncus debilis A. Gray - . 2n = ?.

Ditches, pools, shores.

Juncus dichotomus Elliott - . 2n = 80.

Sandy or sphagnous shores, salt marsh borders. [J. platyphyllus (Wiegand) Fernald; J. tenuis Willdenow var. dichotomus (Elliott) A. Wood]

Juncus dudleyi Wiegand - . 2n = 42, 80, ca. 84.

Shores, boggy meadows, in basic soils. [J. tenuis Willdenow var. dudleyi (Wiegand) F. J. Hermann]

Juncus effusus Linnaeus - Tufted Rush. 2n = 5, 40, 42.

Marshy ground, low spots. [J. effusus var. compactus Lejeune & Courtois; J. effusus var. conglomeratus (Linnaeus) Engelmann; J. effusus var. costulatus Fernald; J. effusus var. decipiens Buchenau; J. effusus var. pylaei (Laharpe) Fernald & Wiegand; J. effusus var. solutus Fernald & Wiegand; J. conglomeratus Linnaeus; J. pylaei Laharpe]

Juncus filiformis Linnaeus - . 2n = 40, 70, 80, 84.

Shores, swamps, bogs, alpine meadows.

Juncus gerardii Loiseleur-Deslongchamps - Black Grass. 2n = 80, 84.

Salt marshes. [J. gerardii var. pedicellatus Fernald]

Juncus greenei Oakes & Tuckerman - . 2n = 80.

Dry, open places, usually well-drained, sandy soil. In pine lands near lake shores, dunes.

JUNCUS INFLEXUS Linnaeus - . 2n = 38, 40.

Meadows, damp roadsides. From Eurasia and northern Africa.

Juncus marginatus Rostkovius - Grass Rush. 2n = 38, 40.

Sandy pond margins, wet meadows. [J. biflorus Elliott]

Juncus militaris Bigelow - Bayonet Rush. 2n = ?.

Shallow water of ponds and streams with sandy, gravelly or sphagnous margins.

Juncus nodosus Linnaeus var. nodosus - . 2n = 40.

Shores, marshes, meadows, swamps, especially basic soils.

Juncus pelocarpus E. Meyer - . 2n = 40.

Sandy shores, marshes, ditches.

Juncus secundus Beauvois ex Poiret - . 2n = ca. 80.

Ledges, dry, open, sterile soils.

Juncus stygius Linnaeus var. americanus Buchenau - . 2n = ?.

Bogs, bog pools.

Juncus subcaudatus (Engelmann) Coville & S. F. Blake - . 2n = ?.

Swamps, bogs, shaded spring-heads, mossy woods.

JUNCUS SUBNODULOSUS Schrank - . 2n = 40.

Salt marsh borders. From Europe. [J. PERVETUS Fernald]

Juncus subtilis E. Meyer - Creeping Rush. 2n = 40.

Muddy shores.

Juncus tenuis Willdenow - Path Rush. 2n = 40, 80, 84.

Roadsides, paths. [J. tenuis var. williamsii Fernald]

JUNCUS TORREYI Coville - . 2n = 40.

Shores, ditches, roadsides. From farther west and south.

Juncus trifidus Linnaeus - Highland Rush. 2n = 20, 30, 40.

Exposed, rocky or sterile summits. [J. trifidus var. monanthos (Jacquin) Bluff & Fingerhuth]

Juncus vaseyi Engelmann - . 2n = 42, ca. 80.

Swamps, shores, thickets.

JUNCUS hybrids

Juncus articulatus Linnaeus X Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelmann) Fernald - .

Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelmann) Fernald X Juncus nodosus Linnaeus var. nodosus - .

Juncus x oronensis Fernald - .

Alder swamps, thickets. [J. tenuis Willdenow X J. vaseyi Engelmann ?]

Juncus secundus Beauvois ex Poiret X Juncus tenuis Willdenow - .

Juncus tenuis Willdenow X Juncus vaseyi Engelmann - .

LUZULA

Luzula acuminata Rafinesque var. acuminata - . 2n = 18.

Thickets, clearings, woods.

Luzula acuminata Rafinesque var. carolinae (S. Watson) Fernald - 2n = 18.

Limy wooded slopes. [Reported, but no vouchers seen.]

Luzula bulbosa (Wood) Rydberg - . 2n = 12.

Dry, sandy, open woods and fields.

LUZULA CAMPESTRIS (Linnaeus) de Candolle - . 2n = 12, 12 + 1B, 13, 14, 16.

Lawns. From Europe.

Luzula confusa Lindeberg - Northern Woodrush. 2n = 36, 44-48.

Alpine areas.

Luzula echinata (Small) Hermann - . 2n = 12.

Woods, thickets, clearings. [L. campestris (Linnaeus) de Candolle var. echinata (Small) Fernald & Wiegand]

LUZULA LUZULOIDES (Lamarck) Dandy & Wilmott subsp. LUZULOIDES - Forest Woodrush. 2n = 12.

Rocky woods, roadsides, lawns. From Europe.

Luzula multiflora (Ehrhart) Lejeune subsp. multiflora - Common Woodrush. 2n = 12, 24, 28, 36.

Open woods, dry fields, meadows. [L. multiflora var. acadiensis Fernald; L. campestris (Linnaeus) de Candolle var. multiflora (Ehrhart) Celakovský]

Luzula multiflora (Ehrhart) Lejeune subsp. frigida (Buchenau) Kreczetowicz - . 2n = 36.

Sphagnous barrens, clearings, fields. [L. multiflora var. fusconigra Celakovský]

LUZULA PALLIDULA Kirschner - . 2n = 12-18.

Meadows, open woods, clearings, rocky places. From Eurasia. [L. pallescens (Wahlenberg) Besser]

Luzula parviflora (Ehrhart) Desvaux var. melanocarpa (Michaux) Buchenau - . 2n = 24.

Mossy wooded banks, dry woods, damp thickets, often rocky places.

Luzula spicata (Linnaeus) de Candolle - Alpine Woodrush. 2n = 12, 14, 18, 24, 36.

Alpine areas.

TRICLOCHIN

Triglochin gaspense Lieth & D. Löve - . 2n = 96.

Salt marshes.

Triglochin maritima Linnaeus - . 2n = 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, 96, 120.

Salt, brackish and freshwater marshes.

Triglochin palustre Linnaeus - . 2n = 24, 28, 36.

Salt marshes and river shores.