DACTYLIS
DACTYLIS GLOMERATA Linnaeus - Orchard-grass. 2n = 14, 21, 28.
Roadsides, fields, orchards, waste places. From Europe. [D. GLOMERATA var. CILIATA Petermann; D. GLOMERATA var. DETONSA Fries]
DACTYLOCTENIUM
DACTYLOCTENIUM AEGYPTIUM (Linnaeus) Willdenow - Crowfoot-grass. 2n = 18-24, 27, 36-48, 52.
Waste and cultivated land. From the Old World tropics.
DANTHONIA
Danthonia compressa Austin - . 2n = 36.
Dry, open woodlands, clearings. [D. alleni Austin]
Danthonia spicata (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois - Poverty Oat-grass. 2n = 36.
Dry, sterile soil. [D. spicata var. longipila Scribner & Merrill; D. spicata var. pinetorum Piper]
Deschampsia cespitosa (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois - Tufted Hairgrass. 2n = 18, 24-28, 49, 52, 56.
Meadows, fields, riverbanks, gravelly shores. [D. cespitosa var. glauca (Hartman) Lindman f.; D. CESPITOSA var. PARVIFLORA (Thuiller) Cosson & Germain de Saint Pierre (possibly misapplied)]
DESCHAMPSIA DANTHONIOIDES (Trinius) Munro ex Bentham - Annual Hairgrass. 2n = 26.
Wool waste. From farther west.
Deschampsia flexuosa (Linnaeus) Trinius - Common Hairgrass. 2n = 14, 26, 28, 32, 42, 56.
Dry open soil, ledges.
DESMAZERIA
DESMAZERIA RIGIDA (Linnaeus) Tutin - . 2n = 14, 28.
Waste places. From Europe. [SCLEROPOA RIGIDA (Linnaeus) Grisebach]
DIGITARIA
Digitaria cognata (Schultes) Pilger - Fall Witchgrass. 2n = 36, 70, 72.
Dry, sandy soil near rivers. [Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase]
Digitaria filiformis (Linnaeus) Koeler - Slender Crabgrass. 2n = 36, 54.
Dry, gravelly or sandy, open soil.
DIGITARIA ISCHAEMUM (Schreber) Muhlenberg - Smooth Crabgrass. 2n = 36, 45.
Rail yards, dry, sandy soil, waste ground. From Eurasia.
DIGITARIA SANGUINALIS (Linnaeus) Scopoli - Common Crabgrass. 2n = 18-76.
Yards, gardens, waste places, roadsides. From Europe.
DIGITARIA VIOLASCENS Link - . 2n = 18, 36.
Old fields. From farther south.
DIGITARIA hybrids
DIGITARIA ISCHAEMUM (Schreber) Muhlenberg X D. SANGUINALIS (Linnaeus) Scopoli - .
DISTICHLIS
Distichlis spicata (Linnaeus) Greene - Seashore Saltgrass. 2n = 40.
Salt marshes.
ECHINOCHLOA
ECHINOCHLOA COLONA (Linnaeus) Link - Jungle-rice. 2n = 30, 32, 36, 48, 52, 54, 56, 72, 96.
Waste places, cultivated fields, ditches. From the Old World tropics.
ECHINOCHLOA CRUSGALLI (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois - Barnyard-grass. 2n = 18, 36, 48, 54, 56, 72.
Roadsides, waste places, cultivated ground. From the Old World.
ECHINOCHLOA FRUMENTACEA Link - Japanese Millet. 2n = 48, 54.
Waste ground, roadsides, fields. From eastern Asia. [E. CRUSGALLI (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois var. FRUMENTACEA (Link) W. F. Wight]
Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauvois) Fernald var. muricata - . 2n = 36, 48.
Marshes, shores, waste places, roadsides. [E. pungens (Poiret) Rydberg]
Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauvois) Fernald var. microstachya Wiegand - . 2n = 36.
Marshes, shores, waste places, roadsides. [E. muricata var. occidentalis Wiegand; E. pungens (Poiret) Rydberg var. microstachya (Wiegand) Fernald & Griscom; E. pungens var. wiegandii Fassett]
Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Heller - . 2n = 36.
Shores, salt marsh borders, wet places.
ELEUSINE
ELEUSINE INDICA (Linnaeus) Gaertner - Wiregrass. 2n = 18, 36, 54.
Waste places, yards. From the Old World.
ELYMUS
Elymus canadensis Linnaeus - Canada Wild Rye. 2n = 14, 28, 42.
Dry, sandy, gravelly, or rocky soil, railroads.
Elymus glabriflorus (Vasey) Scribner & C. R. Ball - . 2n = 28.
Rich thickets and alluvium. [E. virginicus Linnaeus var. glabriflorus (Vasey) Bush]
Elymus hystrix Linnaeus - Bottlebrush-grass. 2n = 28.
Rich woods and thickets. [Hystrix patula Moench; Hystrix patula var. bigeloviana (Fernald) Deam]
ELYMUS PYCNANTHUS (Godron) Melderis - . 2n = 42.
Salt marshes, sandy shores. From Europe. [AGROPYRON PUNGENS - misapplied; AGROPYRON PUNGENS (Persoon ) Roemer & Schultes var. ACADIENSE (F. T. Hubbard) Fernald; AGROPYRON PYCNANTHUM (Godron) Godron & Grenier; ELYTRIGIA PUNGENS (Persoon) Tutin]
ELYMUS REPENS (Linnaeus) Gould - Quackgrass. 2n = 21, 28, 42, 63.
Roadsides, waste places, fields. From Eurasia. [AGROPYRON REPENS (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois; AGROPYRON REPENS var. SUBULATUM (Schreber) Roemer & Schultes; ELYTRIGIA REPENS (Linnaeus) Desvaux ex W. D. Jackson]
Elymus riparius Wiegand - . 2n = 28.
Moist woods, stream banks.
Elymus submuticus (Hooker) Smyth & Smyth - . 2n = 28, 42.
Rich thickets, alluvium. [E. virginicus Linnaeus var. submuticus Hooker]
Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners subsp. trachycaulus - Slender Wheatgrass. 2n = 28.
Open soils. [Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex H. F. Lewis var. trachycaulum; Agropyron trachycaulum var. glaucum (Pease & Moore) Malte; Agropyron trachycaulum var. majus (Vasey) Fernald; Agropyron trachycaulum var. novae-angliae (Scribner) Fernald]
Elymus villosus Muhlenberg ex Willdenow - . 2n = 28.
Rich woods, thickets, shores.
Elymus virginicus Linnaeus var. virginicus - . 2n = 28.
Shores, rich thickets. [E. virginicus var. australis (Scribner & C. R. Ball) Hitchcock; E. virginicus var. intermedius (Vasey) Bush; E. virginicus var. jejunus (Ramaley) Bush; ]
Elymus virginicus Linnaeus var. halophilus (Bicknell) Wiegand - .
Seacoast.
Elymus wiegandii Fernald - . 2n = 28.
Alluvial soil, riverbanks, rich woods.
ERAGROSTIS
Eragrostis capillaris (Linnaeus) Nees - Lacegrass. 2n = 100.
Dry, sandy or rocky soil, roadsides.
ERAGROSTIS CILIANENSIS (Allioni) Vignolo-Lutati ex Janchen - Stinkgrass. 2n = 20, 40.
Waste land, cultivated fields, railroads. From Europe. [E. MEGASTACHYA (Koeler) Link]
ERAGROSTIS CURVULA (Schrader) Nees - Weeping Lovegrass. 2n = 20, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80.
Waste areas. From South Africa.
ERAGROSTIS DIFFUSA Buckley - 2n = 60.
Waste places, fields. From farther west. [A specimen from Calais in Washington County, Maine, collected by Arthur Gilman and identified as E. pectinacea has been re-identified as E. diffusa. Some recent works such as Davidse (1994) synonymize this taxon with E. pectinacea]
Eragrostis frankii C. A. Meyer - . 2n = 40, 80.
Sandy riverbanks, roadsides.
Eragrostis hypnoides (Lambert) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg - Creeping Lovegrass. 2n = 20, 40.
Gravelly or sandy shores.
ERAGROSTIS INTERMEDIA Hitchcock - Plains Lovegrass. 2n = 60, 72, ca. 74, 76, 80, 100, ca. 108, 120.
Dry slopes. From farther south and west.
ERAGROSTIS MEXICANA Hornemann subsp. VIRESCENS (J. Presl) S. D. Koch & Sánchez - . 2n = 60.
Ballast. From South America. [E. VIRESCENS J. Presl]
ERAGROSTIS MINOR Host - . 2n = 20, 40, 44, 60, 80.
Roadsides, railroads, waste places. From Europe. [E. POOIDES P. Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultes]
Eragrostis pectinacea (Michaux) Nees ex Steudel - . 2n = 40, 60, 80.
Roadsides, railroads, waste places.
ERAGROSTIS PILOSA (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois - India Lovegrass. 2n = 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 72.
Roadsides, railroads, barnyards, sandy places. From eastern Asia. [E. MULTICAULIS Steudel]
Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steudel - Purple Lovegrass. 2n = 20, 40.
Coastal sands, dry sterile soil. [E. spectabilis var. sparsihirsuta Farwell]
EREMOCHLOA
EREMOCHLOA OPHIUROIDES (Munro) Hackel - Centipede Grass. 2n = 18.
From Southeast Asia.
FESTUCA
Festuca brachyphylla Schultes & Schultes f. - Alpine Fescue. 2n = 28, 42.
Rocky summits at high altitudes. [F. ovina Linnaeus var. brachyphylla (Schultes & Schultes f.) Piper ex Hitchcock]
FESTUCA FILIFORMIS Pourret - Hair Fescue. 2n = 14, 28.
Dry fields. From Europe. [F. CAPILLATA Lamarck; F. OVINA Linnaeus var. CAPILLATA (Lamarck) Alefeld]
FESTUCA HETEROMALLA Pourret - . 2n = 42, 56, 70.
Damp soil, cart roads, disturbed sites. From Europe. [F. rubra Linnaeus var. multiflora (Hoffmann) Ascherson & Graebner]
FESTUCA NIGRESCENS Lamarck - Chewing's Fescue. 2n = 28, 42.
Roadsides, ditches, dry open areas. From Europe. [F. rubra Linnaeus var. commutata Gaudin]
FESTUCA OVINA Linnaeus - Sheep Fescue. 2n = 14, 21, 28, 42, 70.
Dry sterile soil. From Europe.
Festuca prolifera (Piper) Fernald - . 2n = 49, 50, 63, ca. 70.
Summits of high mountains.
FESTUCA RUBRA Linnaeus subsp. RUBRA - Red Fescue. 2n = 14, 42, 44, 56.
Fields, roadsides, salt marshes, open habitats. From Eurasia. [F. RUBRA var. JUNCEA (Hackel) Richter]
Festuca saximontana Rydberg - Rocky Mountain Fescue. 2n = 42, 36.
Mountain crests. [F. brachyphylla Schultes & Schultes f. var. rydbergii (St.-Yves) Cronquist; F. ovina Linnaeus var. saximontana (Rydberg) Gleason]
Festuca subverticillata (Persoon) E. B. Alexeev - Nodding Fescue. 2n = 42.
Rich woods. [F. obtusa Biehler]
FESTUCA TRACHYPHYLLA (Hackel) Krajina - Hard Fescue. 2n = 14, 28, 42.
Fields. From Europe. [F. OVINA Linnaeus var. DURIUSCULA - misapplied]
GASTRIDIUM
GASTRIDIUM PHLEOIDES (Nees & Meyen) C. E. Hubbard - . 2n = 28.
Wool waste, rubbish. From southwestern Asia & northeastern Africa. [Commonly identified as G. ventricosum (Gouan) Schinz & Thellung]
GLYCERIA
Glyceria acutiflora Torrey - . 2n = 20, 40.
Shallow water of pools, ponds, and streams.
Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batchelder - Northern Manna-grass. 2n = 20.
Shallow water, wet places.
Glyceria canadensis (Michaux) Trinius - Rattlesnake Grass. 2n = 60.
Swamps, wet woods, shores.
Glyceria fluitans (Linnaeus) R. Brown - Float-grass. 2n = 20, 40.
Shallow water.
Glyceria grandis S. Watson - Reed Meadow Grass. 2n = 20.
Swamps, ditches, shores.
GLYCERIA MAXIMA (Hartman) Holmberg - . 2n = 56, 60.
Ditches. From Eurasia. [G. SPECTABILIS Mertens & Koch]
Glyceria melicaria (Michaux) F. T. Hubbard - . 2n = 40.
Wet woods.
Glyceria obtusa (Muhlenberg) Trinius - . 2n = 40.
Wet sandy soils, swamps, wet woods.
Glyceria septentrionalis Hitchcock - Floating Manna-grass. 2n = 20, 40.
Swamps, shores, meadows.
Glyceria striata (Lamarck) Hitchcock - Fowl Meadow Grass. 2n = 20.
Wet places. [G. striata var. stricta (Scribner) Fernald]
GLYCERIA hybrids
Glyceria acutiflora Torrey X G. septentrionalis Hitchcock - .
Shallow water sloughs in meadows.
Glyceria X laxa (Scribner) Scribner - . 2n = 42, 46.
Swampy woods. [G. canadensis (Michaux) Trinius var. laxa (Scribner) Hitchcock] Parentage uncertain.
HOLCUS
HOLCUS LANATUS Linnaeus - Velvet Grass. 2n = 14, 28.
Meadows, roadsides, sterile fields. From Europe.
HOLCUS MOLLIS Linnaeus - . 2n = 14, 28, 35, 42, 49.
Waste land. From Europe.
HORDEUM
HORDEUM BRACHYANTHERUM Nevski subsp. BRACHYANTHERUM - . 2n = 28.
Wool waste. From farther west.
Hordeum jubatum Linnaeus - Squirrel-tail Grass. 2n = 14, 28, 42, 56.
Roadsides, railroads, salt marshes, beaches.
HORDEUM MURINUM Linnaeus subsp. LEPORINUM (Link) Arcangeli - . 2n = 14, 28, 42.
Moist waste places. From Europe. [H. LEPORINUM Link]
HORDEUM PUSILLUM Nuttall - Little Barley. 2n = 14.
Roadsides, marsh borders. From farther south.
HORDEUM VULGARE Linnaeus - Barley. 2n = 7, 14, 15, 28, 42.
Waste areas, roadsides. From Europe. [H. VULGARE var. TRIFURCATUM (Schlechtendal) Alefeld]
KOELERIA
KOELERIA MACRANTHA (Ledebour) Schultes - Junegrass. 2n = 14, 15, 16, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84.
Dry soil, sands, open woods. From farther west. [K. CRISTATA - illegitimate name; K. PYRAMIDATA - misapplied]
LEERSIA
Leersia oryzoides (Linnaeus) Swartz - Rice Cutgrass. 2n = 48.
Swamps, shores, ditches.
Leersia virginica Willdenow - Whitegrass. 2n = 48.
Shaded riverbanks, moist woods, damp thickets. [L. virginica var. ovata (Poiret) Fernald]
LEPTOCHLOA
Leptochloa fascicularis (Lambert) A. Gray - . 2n = 20, 40.
Salt marshes and seacoasts. [L. fascicularis var. acuminata (Nash) Gleason); L. fascicularis var. maritima (Bicknell) Gleason; Diplachne acuminata Nash; Diplachne maritima Bicknell]
LEPTOCHLOA PANICEA (Retzius) Ohwi subsp. MUCRONATA (Michaux) Nowack - Red Sprangletop. 2n = 20.
Gardens, fields. From farther south. [L. FILIFORMIS (Lambert) P. Beauvois; L. MUCRONATA (Michaux) Kunth]
LEYMUS
Leymus mollis (Trinius) Pilger - American Dunegrass. 2n = 28, 56.
Sea beaches. [Elymus arenarius Linnaeus var. villosus Meyer; Elymus mollis Trinius]
LOLIUM
LOLIUM ARUNDINACEUM (Schreber) Darbyshire - Reed Fescue. 2n = 28, 42, 56, 63, 70.
Roadsides, meadows. From Europe. [FESTUCA ARUNDINACEA Schreber; FESTUCA ELATIOR Linnaeus in part; FESTUCA PRATENSIS - misapplied]
LOLIUM GIGANTEUM (Linnaeus) Darbyshire - . 2n = 42.
Waste places. From Europe. [FESTUCA GIGANTEA (Linnaeus) Villars]
LOLIUM MULTIFLORUM Lambert - Italian Ryegrass. 2n = 14.
Fields, roadsides. From Europe. [L. MULTIFLORUM var. DIMINUTUM Mutel; L. PERENNE Linnaeus var. ARISTATUM Willdenow]
LOLIUM PERENNE Linnaeus - Ryegrass. 2n = 14, 28.
Fields, roadsides. From Europe.
LOLIUM PRATENSE (Hudson) Darbyshire - Meadow Fescue. 2n = 14, 28.
Fields, roadsides. From Europe. [FESTUCA PRATENSIS Hudson; FESTUCA ELATIOR Linnaeus in part]
LOLIUM TEMULENTUM Linnaeus - Darnel. 2n = 14.
Waste places. From Europe.
LYCURUS
LYCURUS SETOSUS (Nuttall) C. Reeder - Bristly Wolftail. 2n = 40.
Wool waste. From farther west. [Vouchers originally misidentified as LYCURUS PHLEOIDES Kunth.]