AGROPYRON

AGROPYRON CRISTATUM (Linnaeus) Gaertner. - Crested Wheatgrass. 2n = 14, 28, 42.

Waste places. From Eurasia.

AGROPYRON DESERTORUM (Fischer ex Link) Schultes - . 2n = 14, 28.

Waste places. From Eurasia.

AGROSTIS

AGROSTIS CANINA Linnaeus. - Velvet Bent. 2n = 14, 16, 28, 35, 42, 56.

Fields, meadows, hillsides. From Europe.

AGROSTIS CAPILLARIS Linnaeus - Rhode Island Bent. 2n = 28-35.

Fields, pastures, roadsides, thickets, riverbanks. From Europe. [A. TENUIS Sibthorp; A. TENUIS var. ARISTATA (Parnell) Druce]

AGROSTIS ELLIOTTIANA Schultes - . 2n = 28.

Fields, roadsides. From farther south.

AGROSTIS EXARATA Trinius - Spike Bent. 2n = 28, 42, 56.

Clearings in woods along dirt roads. From western North America. [A. EXARATA var. MONOLEPIS (Torrey) Hitchcock]

AGROSTIS GIGANTEA Roth - Redtop. 2n = 28, 42.

Riverbanks, meadows, fields, shores, moist places. From Europe. [A. ALBA - misapplied; A. STOLONIFERA Linnaeus var. MAJOR (Gaudin) Farwell]

Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg - Ticklegrass. 2n = 14, 28, 42.

Dry fields, open woods.

Agrostis mertensii Trinius - . 2n = 41, 42, 49, 50, 55, 56.

Mountain ledges. [A. borealis Hartman; A. borealis var. americana (Scribner) Fernald]

Agrostis perennans (Walter) Tuckerman - Autumn Bent. 2n = 28, 42.

Open woods, thickets, dryish open soil. [A. perennans var. aestivalis Vasey; A. perennans var. elata (Pursh) Hitchcock; A. altissima (Walter) Tuckerman]

Agrostis scabra Willdenow - Fly-away Grass. 2n = 28, ca. 35, 42.

Roadsides, sterile, open soil (dry or wet). [A. scabra var. geminata (Trinius) Swallen; A. scabra var. septentrionalis Fernald; A. geminata Trinius; A. hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg var. scabra (Willdenow) H. L. Blomquist; A. hyemalis var. tenuis (Tuckerman) Gleason]

AGROSTIS STOLONIFERA Linnaeus - Creeping Bent. 2n = 24, 28-46.

Shores, marshes, shallow water. From Europe. [A. STOLONIFERA var. COMPACTA Hartman; A. STOLONIFERA var. PALUSTRIS (Hudson) Farwell; A. ALBA Linnaeus var. PALUSTRIS (Hudson) Persoon; A. PALUSTRIS Hudson]

AIRA

AIRA CARYOPHYLLEA Linnaeus var. CARYOPHYLLEA - Silver Hairgrass. 2n = 14, 28.

Dry sand, waste places. From Europe.

AIRA PRAECOX Linnaeus - . 2n = 14.

Sandy fields. From Europe.

ALOPECURUS

Alopecurus aequalis Sobolewski - . 2n = 14, 28.

Shallow water, shores, meadows, ditches. [A. aequalis var. natans (Wahlenberg) Fernald]

ALOPECURUS CAROLINIANUS Walter - . 2n = 14, 28.

Cultivated land. From farther west and south.

ALOPECURUS GENICULATUS Linnaeus - Marsh Foxtail. 2n = 14, 28.

Wet roadsides, ditches, shallow water. From Eurasia.

ALOPECURUS MYOSUROIDES Hudson - Slender Foxtail. 2n = 14, 28.

Fields, waste places. From Europe.

ALOPECURUS PRATENSIS Linnaeus - Meadow Foxtail. 2n = 28, 42.

Fields, meadows, roadsides. From Eurasia.

AMMOPHILA

Ammophila breviligulata Fernald - Beachgrass. 2n = 28.

Sand dunes.

Ammophila champlainensis Seymour - Champlain Beachgrass.

Shores of fresh water lakes.

AMPHICARPUM

Amphicarpum purshii Kunth - . 2n = 18.

Kettlehole ponds, roadsides.

ANDROPOGON

Andropogon gerardii Vitman - Big Bluestem. 2n = 20, 40, 60, 70, 80-86.

Dry, open ground. [A. gerardii var. chrysocomus (Nash) Fernald]

Andropogon glomeratus (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg - Bushy Beardgrass. 2n = 20.

Boggy or other wet soils. [A. virginicus Linnaeus var. abbreviatus (Hackel) Fernald & Griscom]

Andropogon virginicus Linnaeus - Broom-sedge. 2n = 20.

Dry, open soil, thin woods, upper shores of ponds.

ANTHOXANTHUM

ANTHOXANTHUM ARISTATUM Boissier - . 2n = 10, 20.

Waste places. From Europe. [A. PUELII Lecoq & Lamotte]

Anthoxanthum hirtum (Schrank) Y. Schouten & Veldkamp - Sweetgrass. 2n = 56.

[This taxon has not been mapped since it is not yet distinguished from A. nitens in New England herbaria other than in the collections at Harvard University. Distribution data for both taxa are included in the distribution map for A. nitens.]

Meadows and marshes, not saline or brackish. [Hierochloë odorata (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois -- in part]

Anthoxanthum monticola (Bigelow) Veldkamp subsp. monticola
- Alpine Sweetgrass. 2n = 56, 58, 63.

Siliceous rock and dry peat at high altitudes. [Hierochloë alpina (Swartz ex Willdenow) Roemer & Schultes subsp. orthantha (Sørensen) G. Weim]

Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y. Schouten & Veldkamp subsp. nitens
- Sweetgrass. 2n = 28.

[The distribution data here include records for A. hirtum as noted under that taxon.]

Meadows, salt marshes, roadsides, and fields. [Hierochloë odorata (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois -- in part]

ANTHOXANTHUM ODORATUM Linnaeus - Sweet Vernal-grass. 2n = 10, 15, 20, 28.

Fields, roadsides, woods, waste places. From Europe.

APERA

APERA SPICA-VENTI (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois - . 2n = 14.

Waste places. From Europe. [AGROSTIS SPICA-VENTI Linnaeus]

ARISTIDA

Aristida basiramea Engelmann ex Vasey - .

Dry, sandy soil.

Aristida dichotoma Michaux - Poverty-grass.

Dry, sterile soil. [A. dichotoma var. curtissii Gray ex S. Watson & Coulter; A. basiramea Engelmann ex Vasey var. curtissii (A. Gray) Shinners; A. curtissii (A. Gray) Nash]

Aristida longespica Poiret var. geniculata (Rafinesque) Fernald - .

Sandy soil.

Aristida oligantha Michaux - Prairie Three-awn. 2n = 22.

Dry, open, sterile soil.

Aristida purpurascens Poiret - .

Dry sandy or gravelly soil.

ARISTIDA PURPUREA Nuttall var. NEALLEYI (Vasey) Allred - . 2n = 22, 44.

Dry soil, roadsides. From farther west. [A. GLAUCA (Nees) Walpers]
Note: The sole New England voucher specimen from Chittenden Co., Vermont seen by us at the Pringle Herbarium of the University of Vermont has not been located by later workers, and so is not mapped.

Aristida tuberculosa Nuttall - Sea-beach Needlegrass.

Dunes, dry sterile soil.

ARRHENATHERUM

ARRHENATHERUM ELATIUS (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois ex J. & C. Presl subsp. ELATIUS
- Tall Oatgrass. 2n = 14, 28, 42, 56.

Fields, roadsides, waste ground. From Europe.

ARRHENATHERUM ELATIUS (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois ex J. & C. Presl
subsp. BULBOSUM (Willdenow) Schübler & Martens - . 2n = 28.

Fields, roadsides, waste ground. From Europe. [A. ELATIUS var. BULBOSUM (Willdenow) Spenner]

ARTHRAXON

ARTHRAXON HISPIDUS (Thunberg) Makino - . 2n = 10, 36.

Damp roadsides, ditches, shores. From eastern Asia. [A. HISPIDUS var. CRYPTATHERUS (Hackel) Honda]

ARUNDINARIA

ARUNDINARIA JAPONICA Siebold & Zuccarini ex Steudel - Arrow Bamboo. 2n = 48.

Woods, stream banks. From eastern Asia. [PSEUDOSASA JAPONICA (Siebold & Zuccarini ex Steudel) Makino ex Nakai]

AVENA

AVENA FATUA Linnaeus - Wild Oat. 2n = 42.

Waste places. From Europe.

AVENA SATIVA Linnaeus - Oat. 2n = 20, 42.

Waste places, roadsides. From Europe. [A. SATIVA var. ORIENTALIS (Schreber) Alefeld]

AVENA STRIGOSA Schreber - . 2n = 14, 28.

From Europe.

AVENULA

AVENULA PUBESCENS (Hudson) Dumort - . 2n = 14, 28.

Fields, roadsides. From Europe. [AVENA PUBESCENS Hudson; HELICTOTRICHON PUBESCENS (Hudson) Pilger]

BECKMANNIA

BECKMANNIA SYZIGACHNE (Steudel) Fernald - Slough-grass. A specimen of this Asian species collected from Cumberland County, Maine was noted in the Ahles notebooks as being in the University of Massachusetts (Amherst) herbarium, but the voucher cannot be found there.

BOUTELOUA

Bouteloua curtipendula (Michaux) Torrey - Tall Grama-grass. 2n = 20-103.

Dry woods.

BOUTELOUA GRACILIS (Kunth) Lagasca ex Griffiths - Blue Grama-grass. 2n = 20-84.

Waste areas. From farther west.

BOUTELOUA REPENS (Kunth) Scribner & Merrill - Slender Grama-grass. 2n = 23, 40, 46, 60.

Waste areas. From farther west and south. [B. FILIFORMIS (Fournier) Griffiths]

BOUTELOUA RIGIDISETA (Steudel) Hitchcock - . 2n = 40.

Waste areas. From farther west and south.

BOUTELOUA SIMPLEX Lagasca - Mat Grama-grass. 2n = 20, 40.

Waste areas, wool waste. From farther west.

BRACHYELYTRUM

Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreber ex Sprengel) P. Beauvois var. erectum - . 2n = 22.

Rich, moist woods and thickets.

Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreber ex Sprengel) P. Beauvois
var. glabratum (Vasey ex Millspaugh) Koyama & Kawano - . 2n = 22.

Rich, moist woods and thickets. [B. erectum var. septentrionale Babel]

BRACHYPODIUM

BRACHYPODIUM PINNATUM (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois - . 2n = 18, 20, 28.

Waste areas. From Europe.

BRIZA

BRIZA MEDIA Linnaeus - . 2n = 10, 14, 28.

Roadsides, meadows, moist soil. From Europe.

BRIZA MINOR Linnaeus - . 2n = 10, 14.

Waste places. From Europe.

BROMUS

BROMUS ARVENSIS Linnaeus - . 2n = 14.

Fields, roadsides. From Europe.

BROMUS BRIZIFORMIS Fischer & C. A. Meyer - Quake-grass. 2n = 14.

Roadsides, waste places. From Europe.

Bromus ciliatus Linnaeus - Fringed Brome. 2n = 14, 28, 56.

Rich, moist thickets. [B. ciliatus var. intonsus Fernald; B. dudleyi Fernald]

BROMUS COMMUTATUS Schrader - Hairy Chess. 2n = 14, 28, 56.

Fields, roadsides, waste places. From Europe.

BROMUS ERECTUS Hudson - . 2n = 28-112.

Fields, roadsides. From Europe.

BROMUS HORDEACEUS Linnaeus subsp. HORDEACEUS - Soft Chess. 2n = 14, 28.

Fields, roadsides, waste places. From Europe. [B. MOLLIS Linnaeus]

BROMUS HORDEACEUS Linnaeus subsp. PSEUDOTHOMINEI (P. M. Smith) H. Scholz - .

Low meadows, grasslands. From Europe. [B. MOLLIS Linnaeus forma LEIOSTACHYS (Hartman) Fernald]

BROMUS HORDEACEUS Linnaeus subsp. THOMINEI (Hardouin) Braun-Blanquet - . 2n = 28.

Waste places. From Europe. [B. THOMINEI Hardouin]

BROMUS INERMIS Leysser - Hungarian Brome. 2n = 28, 42, 54, 56, 70.

Fields, roadsides. From Europe. [B. INERMIS var. DIVARICATUS Rohlena]

BROMUS JAPONICUS Thunberg - Japanese Chess. 2n = 14, 28.

Waste places. From Eurasia. [B. JAPONICUS var. PORRECTUS Hackel]

Bromus kalmii A. Gray - . 2n = 14.

Basic soil in dry, rocky or sandy woods and thickets and in meadows.

Bromus latiglumis (Shear) Hitchcock - . 2n = 14.

Rich, alluvial woods and riverbanks. [B. altissimus Pursh; B. purgans - misapplied]

BROMUS LEPIDUS Holmberg - . 2n = 28.

Waste places. From the Old World.

BROMUS MARGINATUS Nees - . 2n = 42.

Waste places. From farther west. [B. BREVIARISTATUS Buckley; B. CARINATUS - misapplied]

Bromus pubescens Muhlenberg ex Willdenow - Canada Brome.

Dry, open, woods in basic soil. [B. purgans - misapplied; B. purgans var. laeviglumis (Scribner) Swallen]

BROMUS RACEMOSUS Linnaeus - . 2n = 14, 28.

Waste places. From Europe.

BROMUS RIGIDUS Roth - Ripgut Grass. 2n = 28, 42, 56, 70.

Waste places, seaports. From Europe.

BROMUS SECALINUS Linnaeus - Cheat. 2n = 14, 28.

Fields, waste places, roadsides. From Europe.

BROMUS SQUARROSUS Linnaeus - . 2n = 14.

Waste places. From Europe.

BROMUS STERILIS Linnaeus - . 2n = 14, 28.

Waste places, roadsides. From Europe.

BROMUS TECTORUM Linnaeus - Downy Chess. 2n = 14, 28.

Fields, roadsides, waste places. From Europe.

CALAMAGROSTIS

Calamagrostis canadensis (Michaux) P. Beauvois var. canadensis - Bluejoint. 2n = 28, 42-66.

Meadows, shores, bogs, open swamps. [C. canadensis var. robusta Vasey]

Calamagrostis canadensis (Michaux) P. Beauvois var. langsdorfii (Link) Inman - . 2n = 28, 42, 56, 59- ca. 64.

High altitudes. [C. canadensis var. scabra (J. Presl) Hitchcock; C. nubila Louis-Marie]

Calamagrostis canadensis (Michaux) P. Beauvois var. macouniana (Vasey) Stebbins - .

Open, moist, grassy areas.

Calamagrostis cinnoides (Muhlenberg) Barton - .

Swamps, wet woods, damp sandy or peaty soils.

CALAMAGROSTIS EPIGEJOS (Linnaeus) Roth var. GEORGICA (K. Koch) Ledebour - . 2n = 28, 42, 56, 70.

Fields, waste places. From Eurasia.

Calamagrostis pickeringii A. Gray - . 2n = 28.

Bogs, peaty alpine soils, shores, riverbanks. [C. pickeringii var. debilis (Kearney) Fernald & Wiegand]

Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler subsp. stricta - . 2n = 28-126.

Gravelly shores, riverbanks. [C. neglecta (Ehrhart) P. G. Gaertner, B. Meyer & Scherbius]

Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler subsp. inexpansa (A. Gray) C. W. Greene
- Northern Reedgrass. 2n = 28, 56, 70, 84-120, 123.

Wet ledges, ridgetop soils, gravelly shores, riverbanks, usually at high altitudes. [C. fernaldii Louis-Marie; C. inexpansa A. Gray; C. inexpansa var. brevior (Vasey) Stebbins; C. inexpansa var. novae-angliae Stebbins; C. inexpansa var. robusta (Vasey) Stebbins; C. lacustris (Kearney) Nash]

CENCHRUS

Cenchrus longispinus (Hackel) Fernald - Field Sandbur. 2n = 34.

Sandy fields, roadsides, railroads. [C. pauciflorus - misapplied]

CENCHRUS SPINIFEX Cavanilles - Coast Sandbur. 2n = 34.

Sandy areas. From farther south. [C. INCERTUS M. A. Curtis]

CHLORIS

CHLORIS CUCULLATA Bischoff - . 2n = 40.

Wool waste. From farther west.

CHLORIS GAYANA Kunth - Rhodes Grass. 2n = 20, 30, 40.

Fields, waste places. From Africa.

CHLORIS VERTICILLATA Nuttall - Windmill Grass. 2n = ca. 28, 40, 63.

Roadsides. From farther west.

CHLORIS VIRGATA Swartz - Feather Fingergrass. 2n = 20, 36, 40.

Wool waste. From tropical America.

CINNA

Cinna arundinacea Linnaeus - Common Woodreed. 2n = 28.

Wet woods, swamps.

Cinna latifolia (Treviranus ex Göppert) Grisebach - Drooping Woodreed. 2n = 28, 56.

Wet woods, thickets, recent clearings.

CORYNEPHORUS

CORYNEPHORUS CANESCENS (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois - Gray Hairgrass. 2n = 14.

Sandy fields, roadsides, barrens. From Europe.

CRYPSIS

CRYPSIS SCHOENOIDES (Linnaeus) Lambert - . 2n = 32, 36.

Waste places. From Europe. [HELEOCHLOA SCHOENOIDES (Linnaeus) Host ex Roemer]

CYNODON

CYNODON ARISTIGLUMIS Caro & E. A. Sánchez - .

Waste areas. From South and Central America.

CYNODON DACTYLON (Linnaeus) Persoon - Bermuda Grass. 2n = 18, 27, 30, 36, 40, 54.

Waste places. From Europe.

CYNOSURUS

CYNOSURUS CRISTATUS Linnaeus - . 2n = 14.

Roadsides. From Europe.