Chamaecyparis thyoides (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg. - Atlantic White Cedar.

Swamps, wet thickets.

Juniperus communis Linnaeus var. depressa Pursh - Ground Juniper. 2n = 22.

Poor soils in open areas, especially old pastures and ledges, persisting in recent woodlands. [Larger individuals have been misidentified as var. communis.]

Juniperus horizontalis Moench - Creeping Juniper. 2n = 22.

Ledges, sandy or rocky banks.

Juniperus virginiana Linnaeus - Eastern Red Cedar.

Mostly dry, open sites (typically old fields), rocky slopes, borders of salt marshes, persisting in recent woodlands. [J. virginiana var. crebra Fernald & Griscom]

Juniperus communis Linnaeus var. depressa Pursh X Juniperus virginiana Linnaeus.

Juniperus horizontalisMoench X Juniperus virginiana Linnaeus.

Thuja occidentalis Linnaeus - Arbor-vitae. 2n = 22.

Swamps, rocky banks of ponds and rivers, old pastures, in calcareous soils.

Abies balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller - Balsam Fir. 2n = 24.

Damp, rich, cool woods, swamps, mountain slopes. [A. balsamea var. phanerolepis Fernald]

LARIX DECIDUA Miller - European Larch. 2n = 24.

Near habitations in moist woods and clearings. From Europe.

Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch - Tamarack. n = 12; 2n = 24.

Northward in poorly drained lowlands, swamps, bogs, shaded hillsides, sometimes to tree line on mountain slopes; southward in cold swamps and bogs.

PICEA ABIES (Linnaeus) H. Karsten - Norway Spruce. n = 12; 2n = 24.

Woods and hedgerows. From Europe.

Picea glauca (Moench) Voss - White Spruce. n = 12; 2n = 24.

Moist woods, dry sandy soils, old pastures, rocky slopes, exposed hilltops, ocean cliffs.

Picea mariana (Miller) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg. - Black Spruce. n = 12; 2n = 24.

Northward on mountain slopes, rocky hillsides, high banks of streams, bogs; southward in sphagnum bogs and swamps.

Picea rubens Sargent - Red Spruce. n = 12; 2n = 24.

Rocky, well-drained, upland woods, mountain slopes, occasionally in swamps (southward).

Pinus banksiana Lambert - Jack Pine. 2n = 18, 24.

Sterile sand or rocky soils, rocky slopes and ledges, escaped from plantations at roadsides and bog margins (southward).

PINUS MUGO Turra - Swiss Mountain Pine. 2n = 24.

Old pastures. From Europe. PINUS MUGO is not treated in Flora of North America (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 1993).

PINUS NIGRA Arnott - Austrian Pine. 2n = 18, 24.

From Europe. PINUS NIGRA is mentioned, but not treated in Flora of North America (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 1993).

Pinus resinosa Aiton - Red Pine. 2n = 24.

Sandy or gravelly soil in dry woods and barrens, mountain slopes, ledges, occasionally in peat bogs.

Pinus rigida Miller - Pitch Pine. 2n = 24.

Dry, sterile, sandy or gravelly soils, rocky slopes, occasionally in cold swamps and bogs.

Pinus strobus Linnaeus - Eastern White Pine. n = 12; 2n = 24.

Sandy or fertile, well-drained soils, but tolerating wet ground (rarely in bogs).

PINUS SYLVESTRIS Linnaeus - Scotch Pine. n = 12; 2n = 24.

Roadsides, fallow fields, dry woods. From Eurasia. Our plants are apparently all var. SYLVESTRIS.

PINUS THUNBERGII Parlatore - Japanese Black Pine. n = 12; 2n = 24.

Dry sandy soils. From Asia. PINUS THUNBERGII is mentioned, but not treated in Flora of North America (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 1993).

Tsuga canadensis (Linnaeus) Carrière - Eastern Hemlock. n = 12; 2n = 24.

Cool moist slopes, ravines, moist woods, swamps, mucky soils near ponds and streams.

Taxus canadensis Marshall - American Yew. 2n = 24.

Damp, rich, or swampy woods, mostly in the shade of conifers, ravines and near streams, occasionally on moist, rocky slopes at higher elevations.

TAXUS CUSPIDATA Siebold & Zuccarini - Japanese Yew.

From Asia. TAXUS CUSPIDATA is mentioned but not treated in Flora of North America (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 1993).